![]() It analyses two areas of the law of armed conflict considered to be regulated differently in the two respective types of conflict, namely matters of combatant status and belligerent occupation. On the basis of this comprehensive map of conflict internationalization, the thesis turns to the effects brought about by this process. Since some situations feature more than two conflict parties, the thesis puts forward an autonomy-based interpretive model, which enables to determine whether such situations should be seen as a single internationalized armed conflict or a number of independent international and non-international armed conflicts. It argues that four such modalities of internationalization have emerged thus far: (1) outside intervention (2) State dissolution (3) wars of national liberation and (4) relative internationalization by way of recognition of belligerency, unilateral declarations, or special agreements. In contrast, this thesis opts for a dynamic approach, focussing on the combination of factors that transform a prima facie non-international armed conflict into an international armed conflict. Accordingly, the prevailing approach in the literature is to examine what type of conflict, if any, corresponds to a certain situation in reality at a given time. ![]() Yet, the law of armed conflict forces each such conflict into one of two legal categories: it must either be a non-international, or an international armed conflict. On the contrary, many begin as internal conflicts that gradually acquire international characteristics of varying degree and nature. In a world shaped by the simultaneous forces of globalization and fragmentation, very few armed conflicts remain isolated from any foreign involvement and confined to the territory of one State.
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